Corso di Laurea Magistrale in Biotecnologie Mediche - Classe LM-9

(OPZIONALE) BIOTECNOLOGIE APPLICATE AI TRAPIANTI D’ORGANO

Biotechnologies applied to organ transplants

Anno accademico 2021/2022

Sommario insegnamento

• Obiettivi formativi
• Risultati dell'apprendimento attesi
• Modalità di insegnamento
• Modalità di verifica dell'apprendimento
• Attività di supporto
• Programma
• Testi consigliati e bibliografia
• Note
• Strumenti didattici

Obiettivi formativi

Il corso si propone di fornire uno scenario aggiornato sull’applicazione delle biotecnologie nei trapianti d’organo. Il corso verterà sulle applicazioni nell’ambito della cura di alcune patologie che possono portare ad un’indicazione a trapianto, della preservazione e ricondizionamento degli organi da trapiantare e della prevenzione di alcune complicanze dei trapianti d’organo. Saranno trattate sia le applicazioni già in uso clinico che quelle ancora oggetto di ricerca o in sperimentazione clinica. Particolare enfasi sarà posta nell’evidenziare ambiti di possibile ricerca e utilizzo in aree dove i bisogni clinici dei pazienti trapiantati rimango tuttora disattesi dalle terapie disponibili. L’obiettivo formativo principale sarà stimolare una riflessione su quali siano le aree di ricerca per l’impiego delle biotecnologie in trapiantologia e sui metodi con cui eventuali studi dovrebbero essere condotti.

Risultati dell'apprendimento attesi

Il partecipante dovrà sviluppare una conoscenza di base del percorso di un paziente sottoposto a trapianto e delle modalità pratiche con cui i trapianti vengono eseguiti.

Questo richiederà una conoscenza dei tipi di donatori, delle modalità di prelievo e di preservazione degli organi e dei risultati del trapianto stesso. In particolare, il partecipante dovrà essere in grado di identificare e discutere le aree critiche in cui un miglioramento delle pratiche attuali è necessario, prospettando, anche sulla base del proprio background, ambiti di potenziale utilizzo delle biotecnologie.

Modalità di insegnamento

Lezioni frontali della durata complessiva di 16 ore, condotte con ausilio di materiale iconografico della Chirurgia Generale 2U e spazio per discussione di scenari clinici e di ricerca

Modalità di verifica dell'apprendimento

Esame orale

Attività di supporto

Non previste

Programma

• Overview sul trapianto di fegato:
  • Indicazioni (staminali in epatite fulminante)
  • Tipi di donatori
  • Fasi del trapianto
  • Complicanze:
    • Danno da ischemia-riperfusione,
    • Disfunzione precoce e sue implicazioni
    • Complicanze biliari
  • Risultati
• Tecniche di prelievo e preservazione:
  • Static cold storage
  • Perfusione ex-situ ipotermica
  • Perfusione ex-situ normotermica
  • Perfusione regionale normotermica
• Il viability assessment:
  • Perfusione regionale normotermica
  • Perfusione ex-situ ipotermica
  • Perfusione ex-situ normotermica
  • Viability epatocitaria e colangiocitaria
• Tecniche di ricondizionamento:
  • Cellule staminali e microvescicole
  • Filtri per citochine
  • Defatting
  • Prevenzione del danno colangiocitario
• Prospettive future
  • Trattamento dell’insufficienza epatica acuta
  • Perfusione ex-situ normotermica di lunga durata
  • Supercooling

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